Leukemia is a medical condition caused by an abnormal increase of white blood cells produced by the bone marrow and/or the lymphatic system. Depending on the malignant granulocytes or lymphocytes, leukemia is classified into myeloid or lymphoblastic leukemia.
Bone marrow is soft tissue inside the hollow center of the major bone, including spine, pelvis, underarm, leg...
Chronic leukemia is a disease characterized by a slow but still excessive build up of relatively immature abnormal white blood cells.
Chronic leukemia has a tendency to spread slowly to other parts of the body through the bloodstream and/or lymphatic system.
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) is a condition of slow growth and spreading of abnormal granulocytes. In CML, granulocytes have become abnormal and growth uncontrollably in the bone marrow and/or lymphatic system and appeared less immature in the bloodstream.
According to the statistics provided by the American Cancer Society, in the US approximately 8,990 new cases will be diagnosed with CML, including 5,250 in men and 3,740 in women and 1,140 people will die of CML, including 660 men and 480 women in 2019.
Besides the constitutional symptoms, such as
* Fatigue
Fatigue is a result of not enough red blood cell to transport oxygen to the body cells.
* Infections
As white blood no longer function normally in fighting against foreign invasions such as virus and bacteria.
* Unintentional weight loss
Weight loss unintentionally of over 10% has been found in patients of CML.
* Loss of appetite
It is one of the general symptoms accompanied by cancers.
* Bone and joint pain
It is a result of increased bone marrow pressure due to an excess build-up of white blood cells.
* Fever
It is a result of infection
* Abnormal blood bleeding and bruising
They are the results of abnormal blood's platelets.
8. Excessive sweating, night sweats
Night sweats are an early symptom of some cancers, especially in CML.
CML also induces specific symptoms such as
* Enlarged lymph nodes, spleen
In CML lymph nodes can swell more than 1cm in children and 2 cm in adult.
* Becoming too full easily is one of the specific symptoms of ALL due to enlarged lymph nodes or spleen pressing onto the abdomen.
Betacyanins are phytochemicals in the class of red and yellow indole-derived pigments, belongings to the group of Betalains, found abundantly in beets, chard, etc.
In the urgency to find a potential compound for the treatment of leukemia, researchers examined the antiproliferative effects of betanin, a principle betacyanin pigment, isolated from the fruits of Opuntia ficus-indica on chronic myeloid leukemia.
On human chronic myeloid leukemia cell line (K562), application of betanin decreased the proliferation of K562 cells at a dose and time-dependent with an IC(50) of 40 microM.
According to the tested analysis, the anti-proliferative activity of betanin was associated with chromatin condensation, cell shrinkage and membrane blebbing.
In other words, cells treated with betanin showed a fragmentation pattern typical for apoptotic cells.
Particularly, at 40 microM betanin, the phytochemical compound induced 28.4% cells cycle arrest in sub G0/G1 phase.
Moreover, treatment with betanin not only activated the proteins such as PARP cleavage associated with pro-apoptosis but also inhibited the proteins such as Bcl-2 involved in anti-apoptosis.
Based on the findings, Dr. Sreekanth D, the lead scientist wrote, "betanin induces apoptosis in K562 cells through the intrinsic pathway and is mediated by the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria into the cytosol, and PARP cleavage".
Taken altogether, betacyanins processed abundantly bioactive compound betanin may be considered a remedy for the prevention and treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.
Intake of betacyanins in the form of supplement should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.
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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.
Sources
(1) Betanin a betacyanin pigment purified from fruits of Opuntia ficus-indica induces apoptosis in human chronic myeloid leukemia Cell line-K562 by Sreekanth D1, Arunasree MK, Roy KR, Chandramohan Reddy T, Reddy GV, Reddanna P. (PubMed)
(2) Myelogenous leukemia - Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) by Kyle J. Norton
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