Maternal Coffee Caffeine intake in Risk of Infant Spina Bifida

Compared to herbal medicine, food therapy even takes longer to ease symptoms, depending to stages of the treatment which directly address the cause of disease.

Epidemiological studies do not agree that coffee and coffee caffeine are associated with risk of birth defect of spina bifida.

Spina bifida is a congenitally physical abnormality characterized by the incomplete closing of the backbone membranes around the spinal cord.

Coffee, second to green tea, is a popular and beverage all over the world, particularly in the West, made from roasted bean from the Coffea plant, native to tropical Africa and Madagascar.

According to the Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, in the study of caffeine consumption by women during the first month of pregnancy. Between 1988-2012, caffeine intake (<1, 1, and ≥2 cups/day) were not likely associated with increased risk of Spina bifida.

The researchers also suggested that other factors such as inadequate folic acid recommended at 400 μg/day in the first month of pregnancy may also affect the outcome of the study assessed by the returned questionnaire of mothers with child Spina bifida

Other, in the study of 133 case mothers and 273 control women providing information on periconceptional risk factors, using data from a case-control interview study carried out at the G. Gaslini Children's Hospital, Genoa, from 2000 to 2008, researchers found that there are numbers of mechanism involved in the expression of infant Spina bifida. High caffeine intake and lack of folate supplementation at any time of pregnancy may have some risks in induced SB, but disturbed folate/homocysteine metabolism would be the main factor.

In animal studies, caffeine was considered as a reduced risk factor in exhibited significant effects on incidence of Spina bifida.

But in human observation study, caffeine consumption, during the year before pregnancy for 768 mothers of infants with NTDs and 4143 mothers of infants without birth defects between 1997 to 2002, was associated to increased risk of birth defect of SB.

Dr. Schmidt RJ, the lead author said, "Positive associations were observed between spina bifida and total caffeine consumption (OR 1.4; 95% CI: 1.1-1.9)" and "Additional studies should confirm whether women who consume caffeine are at increased risk for pregnancies complicated by NTDs".

The information findings suggested that caffeine intake may associate to some risks in the developed fetus spina bifida, but the results only came from observation studies, therefore, a human trial with large number size is necessary to clarify these contradictions.


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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Risk of spina bifida and maternal cigarette, alcohol, and coffee use during the first month of pregnancy by Benedum CM1, Yazdy MM, Mitchell AA, Werler MM.(PubMed)
(2) Maternal periconceptional factors affect the risk of spina bifida-affected pregnancies: an Italian case-control study by De Marco P1, Merello E, Calevo MG, Mascelli S, Pastorino D, Crocetti L, De Biasio P, Piatelli G, Cama A, Capra V.(PubMed)
(3) Maternal caffeine consumption and risk of neural tube defects by Schmidt RJ1, Romitti PA, Burns TL, Browne ML, Druschel CM, Olney RS; National Birth Defects Prevention Study.(PubMed)