Betacyanins, Protects the Proteins, Lipid and Cells Against Oxidative Stress

Inflammation is a natural response of the immune system that tries to protect the body against invasive pathogens.

In the acute phase of infection, after receiving the information transmitted by the central nervous system, the white blood cells of the first line of defense stimulate the production of blood platelets to cover the site of damage and pro-inflammatory cytokines, killing off the foreign invaders.

During the acute phase of infection, overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines may cause damage to nearby healthy cells, leading to the formation of scars.

Most cases of infection are stopped at the acute phase of infection. The wound is slowly healed within a few days or weeks.

However, if the immune system can not destroy all pathogens within a period in the range of 3 to 8 weeks, it will adapt to the new change, leading to chronic inflammation.

In other words, chronic inflammation happens when the immune response lingers, causing low-grade inflammation. Chronic inflammation over time may damage the body tissues and organs.

In some cases, the infection may be latent in which the pathogen remains within the body for a long time without producing any symptoms, such as the hepatitis virus.

Diseases associated with chronic inflammation include cancer, heart disease, rheumatoid arthritis, type 2 diabetes, and obesity.

Betacyanins are phytochemicals in the class of red and yellow indole-derived pigments, belonging to the group of Betalains, found abundantly in beets, chard, etc.

On finding a natural pigment for the prevention and treatment of disease associated with chronic inflammation, researchers examined the effects of Beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) juice (BRJ, betacyanins, and betaxanthin) anti-inflammatory activity in vitro and in vivo.

The study included rats induced myocardial injury by isoproterenol (ISP) at 24 h intervals, followed by oral administration of BRJ for 28 days at doses of 150 and 300 mg/kg.


According to the tested assays, pretreatment with BRJ (150 and 300 mg/kg) not only reduced oxidative/nitrosative stress but also restored the cardiac endogenous antioxidants in myocardial injury rats.

ISP induced cardiac inflammatory cytokines such as NF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 and biomarkers of inflammatory promotion such as NF-κB also were inhibited by the pretreatment of BRJ.

Oxidative stress-induced hyperlipidemia level was significantly reduced by the BRJ pretreatment.

The results strongly suggested that BRJ pretreatment mitigates cardiac dysfunction and structural damages by decreasing oxidative stress, inflammation in cardiac tissues.

Dr. Raish M, the lead scientist said, "These results further support the use of BRJ in traditional medicine against cardiovascular diseases".

Furthermore, in rat induced renal damage by Paraquat injected intraperitoneally randomly divided into four groups: a control group, a paraquat group, and two paraquat groups that were treated with betanin at 25 and 100 mg/kg/d three days before and two days after paraquat administration.

According to the differentiation of the proteins associated with pro-inflammatory cytokines and pathways that promote inflammatory stimulation, betanin administration found in the family of betacyanins alleviated the paraquat-incurred acute kidney injury by decreasing oxidative stress associated with the inflammatory expression.


Taken altogether, betacyanins processed abundantly bioactive ingredient betanin in BRJ may be considered a remedy for the prevention and treatment of disease associated with inflammation, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of betacyanins in the form of supplements should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Beetroot juice alleviates isoproterenol-induced myocardial damage by reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in rats by Raish M1, Ahmad A2, Ansari MA3, Alkharfy KM2, Ahad A1, Khan A3, Ali N4, Ganaie MA5, Hamidaddin MAA. (PubMed)
(2) Betanin attenuates oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction in kidney of paraquat-treated rat by Tan D1, Wang Y2, Bai B1, Yang X2, Han J. (PubMed)