Phytochemical Lycopene Exhibits Anti Cancer Angiogenesis

Angiogenesis is a process involved in the migration, growth, and differentiation of endothelial cells, that stimulates the growth of new blood vessels from the existing vessel.

Cancer is a class of diseases associated with abnormal cell growth due to the alternation of DNA.

Most cases of cancer begin in the cells on the surface of the inner lining of tissue. At the early stage, due to the small size of the tumor, most patients are asymptomatic. However, at the advanced stage, the oversize tumor can press on the nearby nerve cells and blood vessel, leading to bleeding and localized pain and symptoms accompanied by the general symptoms shared by other types of cancer, such as unintended weight loss.

Localized symptoms are totally depending on the types of cancer.

At this stage, cancer cells can also travel a distance away from the originated site to infect other healthy cells and tissue, causing a secondary metastasis.


Under normal conditions, angiogenesis is necessary for wound healing, tissues repairment in which the developing or healing tissues receive an adequate supply of nutrients.

In Cancer, angiogenesis induced the formation of new blood supply from the preexisting vasculature by false signaling in ensuring the tumor survive and propagate.


In other words, if we can cut off the energy supply to cancer which totally relyed to the formation of the new blood vessel for proliferation and expansion, we may cure those types of cancer.

Dr. Benouchan M, the lead scientist wrote, " tumor angiogenesis plays an important role in tumor development, vascular invasion, and hematogenous metastasis. Thus, anti-angiogenic therapy directed against tumor ECs should, in principle, improve the efficacy of antitumor therapy by inducing little or no drug resistance".


Lycopene is a phytochemical in the class of carotenoid, a natural pigment with no vitamin A activity found abundantly in tomatoes and other red fruits and vegetables, such as red carrots, watermelons, and papayas,

Tomatoes provide about 80% of the lycopene in the world diet. In plants, lycopene protects the host against excessive photodamage and performs various functions in photosynthesis.

With an aim to find a potent compound that processes anti-angiogenetic activity against cancer proliferation and invasion, researchers examined the apo-10'-lycopenoic acid (ALA), a derivative of lycopene on the liver and lung cancer animal models.

In both Transwell and wound-healing models, application ALA in a dose-dependent manner was effective in inhibiting migration and invasion of liver and lung cancer cells.

Furthermore, ALA treatment suppressed the actin remodeling in orchestrating cancer cell motility and cancer cell membrane formation.

Moreover, the ALA also constrain the cancer proliferation, invasion by suppressing angiogenesis.


Based on the findings, researchers wrote, "ALA inhibits cancer cell motility and angiogenesis".

Dr. Zu K, the lead scientist in a joint study examined the effect of lycopene on tissue biomarkers in prostate cancers by analyzing the information obtained through questionnaires and ascertained total and lethal prostate cancer cases from 1986 through January 31, 2010, among 49898 male health professionals found that
* Higher lycopene intake was inversely associated with total prostate cancer and more strongly with lethal prostate cancer.

* Higher lycopene intake was associated with biomarkers in cancer indicative of less angiogenic potential.

In other words, higher lycopene intake reduced cancer proliferation by stimulating the formation of the new blood vessel.

Taken altogether, lycopene may be considered anti-angiogenetic supplements for the prevention and treatment of cancer through its anti-angiogenetic activity, pending on the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of lycopene in the form of supplements should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Apo-10'-lycopenoic acid inhibits cancer cell migration and angiogenesis and induces peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ by Cheng J1, Miao B1, Hu KQ1, Fu X1, Wang XD. (PubMed)
(2) Dietary lycopene, angiogenesis, and prostate cancer: a prospective study in the prostate-specific antigen era by Zu K1, Mucci L, Rosner BA, Clinton SK, Loda M, Stampfer MJ, Giovannucci E. (PubMed)
(3) Anti-angiogenic strategies for cancer therapy (Review) by Benouchan M1, Colombo BM. (PubMed)