Phytochemical Alliin, the Best for Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury

Myocardial ischemia injury is a medical condition caused by severe impairment of coronary blood supply induced damage or dysfunction of the cardiac tissue.

Myocardial reperfusion is the process to restore the coronary blood flow after a period of coronary blockage that leads to severely reduced or no oxygen .blood flow to the heart.


The condition severity is totally dependent on the intensity and duration of the coronary occlusion.

According to the statistics from the WHO, in 2008, 12% of all death or approximately 7,254,000 deaths worldwide have directly or indirectly caused by myocardial ischemia injury.

In other words, coronary heart disease causes 1/4 total death in the worldwide population and 50% of the death associated with other forms of heart disease.


The most common symptoms of myocardial ischemia injury are neck or jaw pain, shoulder or arm pain, a fast heartbeat, shortness of breath, and fatigue accompanied by nausea and vomiting.

Most common causes of myocardial ischemia injury are a result of the plaque built-up on the coronary arterial wall due to a long-term unhealthy diet with a higher amount of fat and trans fat, red meat, processed food and fewer in fruits and vegetables

Most patients with CHD also are found to have a sedentary lifestyle.

In other words, the promotion of a high-fat diet over the past few decades induced obesity is the major culprit that celebrates the risk of myocardial ischemic injury.


Dr. Meng F, the lead scientist wrote, "Obese patients are more sensitive to myocardial ischemia, which has been linked with high mortality rates".


And "(High fat diet-induced)An impaired MIF/AMPK activation response (cellular stress response) and consequent reduced membrane Glut4 expression (in the heart muscle) may play an important role in increasing myocardial susceptibility to I/R in obesity".

Alliin (S-allyl-L-cysteine-S-oxide) is a phytochemical compound sulfoxide,. a derivative of the amino acid cysteine, belonging to the class of sulfur compounds, found abundantly in fresh garlic and onion.

With an aim to find a potential ingredient for the prevention of the tissue damage caused by blood supply returns to tissue, researchers examined the role of alliin in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury.

In a mouse model of I/R injury, injection alliin showed a significant effect in reducing the area at risk and the infarct area.

Compared with I/R group, alliin also improved the cardiac function in the mice I/R + alliin group. The expression of hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) induced apoptosis of cardiomyocytes due to I/R was also attenuated by the administration of alliin.

Confirmed by the tested assays, alliin also exerted the myocardial protection by increasing the heart's ability to withstand the ischaemic insult.

In vivo, alliin decreased cell apoptosis and increased autophagy activity against the initiation of tissue damage after I/R injury in the tested animal.


Moreover, injection of 3-Methyladenine autophagy inhibitor commonly used to selectively block autophagy was found to reduce the function of alliin observed in the tested animal.
Based on the findings, researchers said, "all the results indicated that alliin alleviates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by promoting autophagy".

Taken altogether, alliin may be considered supplements for the protection against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, depending on the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of alliin in the form of supplements should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Alliin alleviates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by promoting autophagy by Zhao R1, Xie E1, Yang X2, Gong B. (PubMed)
(2) Impaired myocardial MIF/AMPK activation aggravates myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury in high-fat diet-induced obesity by Meng F1, Li D2, Song B3, Li L. (PubMed)