Korean Cabbage Inhibits the Initiation of Atherosclerosis

The heart formed part of the circulatory system is a muscular organ that pumps blood through the blood vessels to supply oxygen and nutrients and removal of metabolic wastes.


Heart disease is a group of medical conditions caused by the narrowed or blocked blood vessels that can lead to a heart attack, coronary heart disease or stroke.

According to the statistic from the CDC, approximately over 600,000 Americans die of heart disease every year. The condition is a leading cause of death in both men and women.

Atherosclerosis is a medical condition associated with plaque building up in the arteries, leading to the narrowing of the arterial function in the transportation of oxygenated blood to the heart and other blood of the body.

Plaques are substances made up of the accumulated fat, cholesterol, calcium, and other substances found in the blood, including cadmium.

Long-term accumulation of plaque can also cause hardening and stiffing arterial walls can lead to the blockage of the arteries and risk of heart disease depending on the location of the blockage.

Most people in the early stage of atherosclerosis do not experience any symptoms. However, as the condition progresses and the location affected, patients may develop chest pain, shortness of breath, sweating, and anxiety.

The most common causes of atherosclerosis are the imbalance of the ratio of bad cholesterol and good cholesterol in the blood, long-term smoking, obesity, an increase in age, obesity and some medical conditions, such as diabetes and high blood pressure.


Cabbage is a species of Brassica oleracea belong to the family Brassicaceae (or Cruciferae), native to the Mediterranean region along the seacoast. The veggie has a short stem which is crowded a mass of leaves, usually green but in some varieties, it may be red or purplish.

With an aim to find a natural food for the prevention and treatment of heart disease, researchers examined the effect of effects of 3-(4'-hydroxyl-3',5'-methoxyphenyl)propionic acid (HDMPPA) originating from Korean cabbage on the prevention of atherosclerosis.

The experiments included 21 3-month-old rabbits fed an atherogenic diet containing 0.5% (w/w) cholesterol and 10% (w/w) coconut oil, whereas another two groups were given an atherogenic diet with intravenous injection of either HDMPPA or simvastatin (0.33 mg/kg/day) for 4 weeks.

According to the tested analysis, HDMPPA injected group not only showed a significant effect on the inhibition the oxidative modification of low-density lipoprotein (IC 50 = 1.4 microg/mL) but also increased 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity (IC 50 = 0.78 microg/mL) in a dose-dependent manner.

In hypercholesterolemic rabbits, the thickness of the innermost tunica (layer) of an artery or vein in the HDMPPA group was significantly reduced (control versus HDMPPA, 42%; simvastatin, 38%) without affecting the levels of cholesterol.

Furthermore, the plasma of the HDMPPA group exerted a significantly decreased activity against oxidation compared to that of the control group.

More precisely, HDMPPA also inhibited the generation of vascular reactive oxygen species by inhibiting the levels of cyclooxygenase-2 in the initiation of inflammation.

Based on the findings, researchers said, "HDMPPA prevents the development of aortic atherosclerosis in high-cholesterol-fed rabbits. The antiatherosclerotic effect of HDMPPA may be due to an antioxidative effect at a low dose without cholesterol-lowering effects".


Taken altogether, Korean cabbage may be considered supplements for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) 3-(4'-hydroxyl-3',5'-dimethoxyphenyl)propionic acid, an active principle of kimchi, inhibits development of atherosclerosis in rabbits by Kim HJ1, Lee JS, Chung HY, Song SH, Suh H, Noh JS, Song YO. (PubMed)
(2) Beneficial effects of polyphenol-rich Olive Oil in patients with early atherosclerosis by RJ Widmer,*,1 MA Freund,*,1 AJ Flammer,1 J Sexton,1 R Lennon,1 A Romani,2 N Mulinacci,2FF Vinceri,2 LO Lerman,1 and A Lerman. (PMC)