Phytochemical Lycopene Protects the Bone Density Against Osteoporotic Fractures

Osteoporotic fractures are the break of the bone caused by reduced bone density as a result of osteoporosis.

Osteoporosis is a condition of thinning of bone and bone tissues due to the loss of bone density over time. Most cases of osteoporosis occur in older adults. Menopausal women are at a higher risk of osteoporosis compared to men.

According to the statistics, more than 200 million people in the US are suffering from osteoporosis. Worldwide, 1 in 3 women over the age of 50 years and 1 in 5 men will experience osteoporotic fractures in their lifetime.

Osteoporosis is a widespread degenerative disease of skeletal joints often associated with excessive or abnormal mechanical loading of weight-bearing joints, arising from heavy long-term use or specific injuries.


Besides fractures, other symptoms of osteoporosis are * Lower back pain, as a result of the fractured or collapsed vertebra
People with Osteoporosis are susceptible to lower back pain than those without. Vertebral fractures and collapsed vertebra in many cases has been found to induce lower back pain. The Osteoporosis rate of frequent low back pain is higher in women in comparison to those of male.

* Loss of height over time
Vertebral fracture cause of spinal core damage is associated with significant height loss in patients with osteoporosis. Osteoporosis patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are found to cause excessive height loss(39).

* A stooped posture
The postural deformity of patients contributes to the risk of postural instability and falls. Spinal curvature on postural instability in patients with osteoporosis may influence lumbar kyphosis (lower back curvature) in spinal inclination.

* Neck pain
Neck pain occurs frequently in females and is highly associated with patients with headaches.

* Depression
Spine bone mineral density(BMD) was negative correlations between anxiety, stress, but depression was found to have a uniquely significant contribution to the explained variance in right and left hip BMD, according to Bar Ilan University.

Additionally, women with osteoporosis are more likely to experience certain psychosomatic, gastrointestinal and swelling and vasomotor symptoms.

According to the joint study by the University of Porto Medical School and Universidade Nova de Lisboa, osteoarthritis can also affect the quality of life due to the aforementioned symptoms

Lycopene is a phytochemical in the class of carotenoid, a natural pigment with no vitamin A activity found abundantly in tomatoes and other red fruits and vegetables, such as red carrots, watermelons, and papayas,

Tomatoes provide about 80% of the lycopene in the world diet. In plants, lycopene protects the host against excessive photodamage and performs various functions in photosynthesis.

On finding a potential compound for the prevention of osteoporotic fractures, researchers examined the effects of carotenoid (alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, lutein + zeaxanthin) intake in the risk of fracture.

The study included 370 men and 576 women (mean age, 75 +/- 5 yr) from the Framingham Osteoporosis Study who completed a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) in 1988-1989 followed for hip fracture until 2005 and nonvertebral fracture until 2003.

According to the returned questionnaire, over 17 yr of follow-up, there were a total of 100 hip fractures.

The highest tertile of total carotenoid intake had a lower risk of hip fracture compared to low tertile and non-intake group.

Furthermore, subjects with higher lycopene intake had a lower risk of hip fracture and nonvertebral fracture, compared to other groups.

According to chemical analysis, there were no significant associations with alpha-carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin, or lutein + zeaxanthin in the risk of hip fracture.

These results strongly suggested that lycopene found in carotenoid has a strong and positive impact on the prevention of fractures in older adults.

Moreover, according to the results of the exploration of dietary carotenoid intakes and plasma concentrations with bone density status and osteoporotic fracture risk in a European population conducted by the joint study led by the University of East Anglia, lycopene intake from the bone against fractures observed by the multiple regression.

Taken altogether, lycopene found in tomato may be considered supplements for the prevention and treatment of osteoporotic fractures, pending on the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of lycopene in the form of supplements should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Protective effect of total carotenoid and lycopene intake on the risk of hip fracture: a 17-year follow-up from the Framingham Osteoporosis Study by Sahni S1, Hannan MT, Blumberg J, Cupples LA, Kiel DP, Tucker KL. (PubMed)
(2) Carotenoid dietary intakes and plasma concentrations are associated with heel bone ultrasound attenuation and osteoporotic fracture risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Norfolk cohort by Hayhoe RPG1, Lentjes MAH2, Mulligan AA2, Luben RN2, Khaw KT2, Welch AA. (PubMed)
(3) Most Common Diseases of elder: The Clinical Trials and Studies of musculoskeletal disorders: Osteoporosis - The Symptoms by Kyle J. Norton