Cholesterol, a waxy substance produced by the liver or the dietary plays a critical role to aid digestive function in absorbing nutrients and fluids, build strong cell membranes, produce steroid hormones and vitamin D. However, excessive amounts in the blood have been found to induce plaque built-up on the arterial wall, leading to hypercholesterolemia, a leading cause of heart disease, and stroke.
Hypercholesterolemia is a condition characterized by abnormally high levels of cholesterol in the bloodstream.
The condition is a result caused by either overexpression of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) or low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL).
People with hypercholesterolemia at the early stage are asymptomatic. However, patients with familial hyper cholesterol may experience symptoms of chest pain with activity. xanthomas, and cholesterol deposits around the eyelids.
According to the statistics provided by the CDC, hypercholesterolemia is a major risk factor of heart disease, a leading cause of death in the US.
In the US, approximately, 71 million American adults (33.5%) have high low-density lipoprotein (LDL), or “bad,” cholesterol. and only 1 out of every 3 adults with high LDL cholesterol has the condition under control.
Sadly, only 50% of people hypercholesterolemia are getting treatment.
Out of many risk factors associated with the risk of hypercholesterolemia, some researchers suggested that the promotion of a high-fat diet over the past few decades may have a strong impact on the increased incidence of hypercholesterolemia in the US.
Dr. ROBERT B. KELLY, the lead scientist wrote, "The most beneficial changes result from reducing intake of saturated and trans fats; increasing intake of polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fats; fortifying foods with plant stanols or sterols; isocalorically adding tree nuts to the diet; consuming one or two alcoholic drinks per day; and adopting a Portfolio, Mediterranean, low-carbohydrate, or low-fat diet".
Turmeric is a perennial plant in the genus Curcuma, belongings to the family Zingiberaceae, native to tropical South Asia.
The herb has been used in traditional medicine as anti-oxidant, hypoglycemic, colorant, antiseptic, wound healing agent, and to treat flatulence, bloating, and appetite loss, ulcers, eczema, inflammations, etc.
On findings a potential compound for the treatment of hyperlipidemia, researchers examined the efficacy of curcumin on hypercholesterolemia, one of the most important risk factors for atherosclerosis and subsequent cardiovascular diseases.
The experimental study included selected 24 male Sprague-Dawley rats that were divided into six groups, namely normal group diet, high-cholesterol diet (HCD) 2%, HCD + 100 mg/kg b.w. curcuminoid fraction, HCD + 300 mg/kg b.w. curcuminoid fraction, HCD + cider 1% v/v, and HCD + curcuminoid cider 2% v/v for 4 weeks.
According to the tested analysis of total cholesterol levels measured at day 1, 14, and 28, curcuminoid cider at 2% v/v significantly lowered total cholesterol levels compared to the positive control.
Furthermore, curcuminoid fractions at 100 and 300 mg/kg) and curcuminoid cider (1 and 2% v/v) inhibited the gene expression of CD44 associated with membrane cholesterol and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1involved in the measurement of lipid metabolic impairment.
Moreover, curcuminoid fractions at 100 and 300 mg/kg) and curcuminoid cider (1 and 2% v/v) also lower the levels of iNOS, which has been found to mediate HCD-induced liver fibrosis.
Additionally, the applications also inhibited LOX-1 associated with high circulating cholesterol levels.
In other words, curcuminoid fractions at 100 and 300 mg/kg) and curcuminoid cider (1 and 2% v/v) displayed their hypocholesterolemic effects via attenuating genes related to oxidative stress in vivo.
Taken altogether, turmeric processed abundantly bioactive compound curcumin may be considered supplements for the prevention and treatment of hypercholesterolemia, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.
Intake of turmeric in the form of supplements should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.
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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.
Sources
(1) Roles of Spicy Foods and Their Bioactive Compounds in Management of Hypercholesterolemia by Zhao Y1, Chen ZY. (PubMed)
(2) Efficacy of Oral Curcuminoid Fraction from Curcuma xanthorrhiza and Curcuminoid Cider in High-cholesterol Fed Rats by Mauren FM1, Yanti2, Lay BW. (PubMed)
(3) Diet and Exercise in the Management of Hyperlipidemia by ROBERT B. KELLY, MD, MS. (The American Family Physician)
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