Lycopene Protects the Ovarian Function in Diabetes

Type I diabetes is also known as juvenile diabetes or insulin-dependent diabetes associated with not enough or no insulin produced by the pancreas due to the die-off or gradual die-off the insulin-producing beta cells.

The exact causes of type I diabetes are not identified. However, the condition is a result of the body's own immune system that mistakenly destroys the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas.

Type II diabetes is a chronic acquired medical condition characterized by insufficient insulin entering the bloodstream to regulate the glucose.

The disease is either caused by cells in pancreas die-off or receptor sites clog-up by fat and cholesterol induced by long-term poor diet.

Diabetes complications are caused by long-term poor management of hyperglycemia. Mismanaged diabetes can result in dangerous complications.

Hyperglycemia is a hallmark of type 2 diabetes characterized by an abnormally high level of glucose in the blood. The other hallmark of diabetes is insulin resistance.

The ovary formed part of the reproductive gland held by a membrane beside the uterus on each side of the lower abdomen. The left and right ovary take a turn to release an age each month.

Ovarian dysfunction associated with diabetics triggers abnormal ovarian morphology that has been found in diabetics.

Dr. Yanqing Wu and colleagues wrote, "(in mice fed with high-fat-diet-induced diabetes) Elevated markers of DNA damage, ER stress, and apoptosis of GCs were observed in ovaries from HFD for 20 weeks.

And, "Additionally, diabetes significantly suppressed ovarian angiogenesis with the evidence of down-regulation of CD31 via inhibiting HIF1α-VEGF signaling pathway in time-dependent".

Lycopene is a phytochemical found in tomato in the class of carotenoid, a natural pigment with no vitamin A activity found abundantly in tomatoes and other red fruits and vegetables, such as red carrots, watermelons, and papayas,

Tomatoes provide about 80% of the lycopene in the world diet. In plants, lycopene protects the host against excessive photodamage and performs various functions in photosynthesis.

On findings a potential compound for the treatment of diabetes, researchers examined the protective role of lycopene in experimental diabetes-induced with 50 mg÷kg streptozotocin.

The study included rats that were randomly divided into four groups, as follows: control + corn oil, control + lycopene, diabetes + corn oil and diabetes + lycopene.

Based on the tested differentiation, the formation of vacuoles within or adjacent to cells, of the corpus luteum, hydropic degeneration in the interstitial regions, and the number of corpora lutea were increased in the ovary in diabetes rats.

The diameter of the corpora lutea in diabetic rats was also decreased.

Additionally, the levels of ovarian stress markers such as malondialdehyde levels and the number of apoptotic cells in the granulose layers of the large antral follicles were increased in diabetic rats.

These results strongly suggested that streptozotocin-induced significant damage and injury of the ovary in the experimental rats, leading to reduced function of the ovaries.

Administration of lycopene increased the expression of connexin-43 associated with the ovarian cell communication between cells to regulate cell integrity and viability in the secondary and large antral follicles in the ovaries of diabetic animals.

More precisely, lycopene inhibited ovarian change in diabetic rats.

Based on the findings, researchers said, "The changes caused by diabetes in the ovaries and the protective role of lycopene in some but not all parameters were revealed".

Taken altogether, lycopene found in tomato may be considered supplements for the prevention of ovarian damage and injury, pending on the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of lycopene in the form of supplements should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Changes in rat ovary with experimentally induced diabetes and the effects of lycopene on those changes by Yildiz M1, Sandikci M. (PubMed)
(2) Protective effect and mechanism of lycopene on endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) from type 2 diabetes mellitus rats by Zeng YC1, Peng LS2, Zou L3, Huang SF4, Xie Y5, Mu GP6, Zeng XH7, Zhou XL1, Zeng YC. (PubMed)
(3) Diabetes Induces Abnormal Ovarian Function via Triggering Apoptosis of Granulosa Cells and Suppressing Ovarian Angiogenesis by Yanqing Wu,Yi Yang Li, Xinghui Liao, Zhengchao Wang, Rui Li, Shuang Zou, Ting Jiang, Bingbing Zheng, Ping Duan, and Jian Xiao. (PMC)