Herbal Turmeric Processes a Strong Immunodulatroy Activity

The immunomodulatory activity is a process in which the immune function is modulated to the needs of the body.

The immune system included the thymus and bone marrow, as well as secondary lymphatic tissues including spleen, tonsils, lymph vessels, lymph nodes, adenoids, skin, and liver, is the body's defense against infectious organisms and foreign invaders.

The immune dysfunction can be classified into
* The underactive immune system is also known as the weakened immune system. People with the underactive immune system are susceptible to infection, recurrent infections.

* The overactive immune system is also known as autoimmune diseases. In this case, patients suffer diseases associated with the immune system that attacks the body tissues.

In the acute phase of infection, the immune macrophages, the first line of defense stimulates the production of blood palette to cover the wound or injury and pro-inflammatory cytokines to the site of infection to kill off pathogens before they can enter the body to multiply.

Most cases of infection are stopped at the acute phase, depending on the size and penetration of the wound.

The most common symptoms of acute inflammation occurred with a short period of time such as hours is pain, redness, immobility, swelling, and heat.

Conventionally, depending on the types of acute inflammation, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may be prescribed to alleviate the pain by counteracting an enzyme that contributes to inflammation.

However, if the immune system for whatever reason such as in people with a weakened immune system can not destroy the foreign invaders in the set period of time (3-8 weeks), it will adapt to the new change, leading to chronic low-grade inflammation.

Low-grade inflammation over time has been found to destroy cells and tissues in the affected area or organ, inducing chronic inflammatory disease, including diabetes, arthritis, and cardiovascular disease.

Out of many low-grade inflammatory risk factors, some researchers suggested that the promotion of the Western diet over the past few decades may be one of the major culprits involved in facilitating the onset of the diseases.

Dr. Klurfeld DM, the lead scientist wrote, "Diet is a component in the etiology of the two major causes of death in the United States, namely, cardiovascular disease and cancer. During the last decade, various organizations have suggested that we alter the "typical" American diet in order to decrease the incidence of these diseases even though both diseases are indisputable of multiple etiology".

And, "Most Americans can safely reduce their intake of total calories, fat, sugar, and salt. Although this can be achieved most readily on a population basis by following a form of "prudent" diet, it is premature to promise medical benefits to individuals".

In other words, if you follow the diet pattern of a high-fat diet, you are at a higher risk of low-grade inflammatory disease, compared to those who follow the diet pattern of the Mediterranean diet.

Turmeric is a perennial plant in the genus Curcuma, belongings to the family Zingiberaceae, native to tropical South Asia.

The herb has been used in traditional medicine as anti-oxidant, hypoglycemic, colorant, antiseptic, wound healing agent, and to treat flatulence, bloating, and appetite loss, ulcers, eczema, inflammations, etc.

On finding a potential compound for the enhancement of the immune system, researchers examined the effects of turmeric on immunomodulating activity.

Carp (average weight: 16.37 g) selected to the study were fed by four various concentrations of curcumin (g Kg-1): 0 g [basal diet], 5 g [T5], 10 g [T10], and 15 g [T15] were fed to the carp (average weight: 16.37 g) for 8 weeks.


According to the skin mucosal immune parameters examination, T15 fed by 15 g curcumin showed a significantly higher levels of lysozyme (36.8 ± 4.03 U mL-1) involved bacterial infections, total immunoglobulin (6.74 ± 0.5 mg mL-1, antibodies), protein level (18.7 ± 1.62 mg mL-1), alkaline phosphatase (96.37 ± 6.3 IU L-1), and protease activity (9.47 ± 0.82%) associated with the innate immune response.

Furthermore, levels of antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were higher in T10 or T15, compared to control.

Moreover, groups treated with curcumin also reduced tissues oxidative stress such as malondialdehyde level was decreased significantly.

More precisely, T10 and T15 exhibited immunomodulatory activity by enhancing the expression of antioxidant genes (SOD, CAT, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) and anti-inflammatory cytokine Interleukin-10 and inhibiting the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the tested subjects.

Based on the findings, researchers wrote, "suggest that dietary supplements of curcumin at 15 g Kg-1can significantly improve the growth performance, skin mucosal and serum antioxidant parameters, and strengthen the immunity of C. Carpio".

Taken altogether, turmeric processed abundantly bioactive compound curcumin may be considered supplements for the improvement of immunomodulatory property, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of turmeric in the form of supplements should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Immunomodulatory effects of turmeric: Proliferation of spleen cells in mice by Mustafa R1,2, Blumenthal E. (PubMed)
(2) Effects of bioactive substance from turmeric on growth, skin mucosal immunityand antioxidant factors in common carp, Cyprinus carpio by Giri SS1, Sukumaran V2, Park SC. (PubMed)
(3) The Western diet: an examination of its relationship with chronic disease by Klurfeld DM, Kritchevsky D. (PubMed)