Bioactive Compound Sinigrin Protects Us Against Microbial Infection

Sinigrin may be used as a natural and bioactive compound against microbial infection before it can spread, according to studies.

Microbial infection is a disease caused by microorganisms, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, or parasites.

Microbial infection includes 4 different stages
* Stage 1 or incubation stage
In stage 1, harmful microorganisms after successfully entering the host start to incubate on the specific site by the multiplying organism to reach a population, leading to an early stage of symptoms.

* Stage 2 or prodromal stage
After successfully multiplying, the organisms start to show symptoms of illness, depending on the location of the infection.

* Stage 3 or acute stage
The numbers of microorganism have grown exponentially, leading to very pronounced symptoms, also depending on the location and organ being infected.

* Stage 4 or convalescence stage is the recovery stage. The microorganism starts to decrease or are wiped out from the host.


In most cases, the recovery stage is the result of the use of antibiotics. The length of the 4 stages of microbial infection can be vary depending on the host immune system.

Most healthy adults can be recovered quickly without using antibiotics.

However, if the immune system or antibiotics used cannot wipe off all the micro invader in a specific time, approximately 3 to 8 weeks, it will lead to the compromise of the immune system, leading to chronic infection, such as asthma, airway inflammation, pneumonia, and other respiratory diseases.


Dr. Garth L. Nicolson in the differentiation of diseases associated with chronic infection, said, "Some infections, such as those caused by certain Mycoplasma and Chlaymdiaspecies that are invasive and are found in respiratory epithelial cells are able to suppress immune responses by suppressing the ability of pulmonary macrophages to ingest and kill these infectious agents".
Researchers on seeking a natural compound for the prevention and treatment of antimicrobial infection examined the ability of Listeria (L.) monocytogenes to convert glucosinolates into antimicrobial isothiocyanates.


During both tests with deodorized (myrosinase-inactivated) mustard extracts (10 d at 20 °C) or with purified sinigrin (21 d at 20 °C) L. monocytogenes only inhibited when exogenous myrosinase was added.

Pure sinigrin, oriental or yellow mustard extracts incorporated in polyvinyl polyethylene glycol graft copolymer (PPG) films containing 3, 5 and 6% (w/w) of the corresponding glucosinolate showed a 100% of microbial inhibition at 70 days.

The yellow mustard extract was less inhibitory and the pure sinigrin showed a significantly lesser antimicrobial activity in the absence of L. monocytogenes.


These results strongly suggested that L. monocytogenes played a key role in enhancing the antimicrobial activity of pure sinigrin and the yellow mustard extract.

In the test of tested on Escherichia coli O157:H7 using the nanocomposite carboxymethyl cellulose films containing sinigrin (SNG), prepared by stirring 2% (w/v) carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and 2% (w/v) glycerol (as a plasticizer) in distilled water with or without SNG (an antimicrobial precursor) as a 99% pure reagent (pSNG) or as a crude extract (cSNG), transparent nanoparticulate carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) films containing sinigrin (SNG), an antimicrobial precursor, controlled surface contamination of packaged fresh beef by the pathogen Escherichia coli O157:H7 stored at 8°C.

Furthermore, the films with nanoparticulation that carried pure SNG or the naturally occurring SNG in Oriental mustard were significantly more antimicrobial compared to similar films without nanoparticulation.


Dr. Herzallah S, the lead scientist said, " films without sinigrin were not antimicrobial" and "nanoparticulation of the packaging film enhanced delivery of the antimicrobial incorporated within the film".

Taken altogether, sinigrin a bioactive ingredient in cruciferous vegetables may be considered a functional supplement for the prevention and treatment of microbial infection pending to the confirmation of large sample size and multicenter human study.


However, intake of bioactive in the form of supplements should be taken with extreme care, as liver toxicity may be induced if overdosed.


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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Use of a nanoparticulate carboxymethyl cellulose film containing sinigrin as an antimicrobial precursor to kill Escherichia coli O157:H7 on fresh beef by Herzallah S1, Holley R. (PubMed)
(2) Inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes on bologna sausages by an antimicrobialfilm containing mustard extract or sinigrin by Lara-Lledó M1, Olaimat A, Holley RA. (PubMed)
(3) Infectious Disease Research, Chronic Infectious Diseases by Prof. Garth L. Nicolson