Broccoli's Sulforaphane (SFN) Improves the Chemo Drug Cisplatin's Anti Cancer Activity

A chemosensitivity assay is a test that measures the number of tumor cells killed by chemotherapy.

The aim of the test is to found the best chemo drugs for the treatment of cancer.

Cancer is a class of diseases in which a group of cells growing and multiplying disorderly and uncontrollably in our body.

Most cases of cancer start in the cells on the surface of the inner lining of specific tissues and organs.

At the early stage due to the very small size of the tumor, most cancers are asymptomatic. However, at the advanced stage, cancer not only can induce general symptoms such as gastrointestinal discomfort, unintended weight loss, fatigue, and loss but also lead to specific symptoms, such as localized bleeding and pain, depending on the location of cancer.

Also, at this stage, primary cancer cells can travel a distance away from the original site to infect other healthy tissues and organs, leading to secondary metastasis through the circulation of blood and fluids.

Some cancers can be slow-growth, including prostate and colon cancer. Primary cancer at stage 0 and 1 may not induce any symptoms.

According to the statistic provided by the American Cancer Society, in the US 2019, approximately 1,762,450 new cancer cases will be diagnosed and 606,880 deaths are results of cancer.

Furthermore, in the age perspective, older adults although are accounted for only 8% of all cases diagnosed in the US, have a 17% mortality rate compared to other age groups.

As of today, researchers do not know the exact cause of cancer neither they know why people with the same health condition and family history, some are susceptible to DNA alternation in facilitating the onset of cancer, while others do not.


The 5 years survival rate is totally depending on the stage of cancer diagnosed. The early diagnosed stage has the highest survival rate compared to other later stages.

Cisplatin is a chemotherapy drug given by Sclerotherapy used in conventional medicine for the treatment of cancers, including testicular cancer, ovarian cancer, cervical cancer, breast cancer, bladder cancer, head and neck cancer, esophageal cancer, lung cancer, mesothelioma, brain tumors, and neuroblastoma.


Cisplatin has been found to induce adverse effect, including nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, temporary hair loss, loss inability to taste the food, dry mouth, dark urine, and decreased sweating,

Broccoli is a mustard/cabbage plant, belongings to the family Brassicaceae. The veggie has large flower heads, usually green in color with a mass of flower heads surrounded by leaves and evolved from a wild cabbage plant from the continent of Europe.

On finding a potential chemical compound with inhibition of chemotherapy side effects and chemosensitivity, researchers compared the effect of polymeric nanoparticles utilized to co-deliver a water-soluble CDDP derivative, poly(γ,l-glutamic acid)-CDDP conjugate and a naturally occurring compound derived from broccoli, sulforaphane (SFN) on chemo drug cisplatin (CDDP).

Compared with the combinational treatment of CDDP and SFN, the nanoparticles were more effectively internalized and significantly reduced GSH content in breast cancer cells, observed by the increase of DNA-bound Pt and DNA damage-induced apoptosis.

In other words, the combination is more effective than the use of the chemo drug alone due to its ability to penetrate deeper into the cancer cells.

Furthermore, in an orthotopic breast cancer model, the nanoparticles achieved a significantly higher tumor accumulation by enhancing the permeability and retention of EPR-mediated tumor targeting and exhibited a more powerful antitumor activity.

The nano-enhanced chemotherapy also showed higher content of GSH in the liver cancer model.

Collectively, researchers said, "this sulforaphane-based nano strategy holds great promise to enhance the sensitivity and therapeutic efficacy of Pt-based chemotherapy

Taken altogether, broccoli processed a high amount of sulforaphane used in a combination of chemo drugs may be considered adjunct therapy for the treatment of liver cancer, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of sulforaphane in the form of supplements should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Sulforaphane Mediates Glutathione Depletion via Polymeric Nanoparticles to Restore Cisplatin Chemosensitivity by Xu Y1,2,3, Han X1,2,4, Li Y1,2, Min H1, Zhao X1,2, Zhang Y1,2, Qi Y5, Shi J1,2, Qi S6, Bao Y7, Nie G. (PubMed)