Turmeric, a Potentially Natural Prevention and Treatment of Esophageal Cancer

The esophagus is the tube that leads foods from the pharynx to the stomach.

Esophageal cancer is not very uncommon caused by abnormal cell growth as a result of the DNA alteration of the cells.

Most cases of esophageal cancer begin in the cells on the surface of the tissue that lines the upper part of the esophagus or the lower part of the esophagus that connected with the stomach, before penetrating in the wall of the esophagus and spreading to the lymph node around the bottom of the esophagus, stomach and the chest, then to the distant parts of the body.

In the US, esophageal cancer accounts for only 1% of all cancers diagnosed every year.
I 2019, approximately the disease will cause the death of 16,080 Americans, including 13,020 men and 3,060 women.

Believe it or not, esophageal cancer is the seventh most common cancer cause of death among men.

The exact causes of esophageal cancer are unknown. Epidemiologically. most common risk factors associated with the onset of esophageal cancer include
* Age
Esophageal cancer is an aging disease, most patients are over 60.

* Sex
It is more common in men compared to women.

* Genetic passing through
The risk of esophageal cancer increased if a direct family was diagnosed with the disease.

* Smoking and heavy alcohol drinking
Heavy alcohol drinking and smoking that account for over 90% of all squamous cancer increase the risk and together appear to increase the risk more than either individually.

* Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
A chronic or prolonged period of reflux, leading to the changing of the lining of the esophagus.

* Diet
In some parts of the world included certain substances such as nitrosamines, nitrite, and dietary deficiency may also increase the risk of esophageal cancer.

* Previous head and neck injured
Previous head and neck cancers increase the risk of the same and esophageal cancer.

* Obesity
Obesity increases the risk of reflux.

* Thermal injury
Prolonged thermal injury to the esophagus due to the love of hot fluids or soups causes damage to the esophagus
and
* Achalasia
A health condition of esophageal motility disorder caused by uncoordinated or weaken muscular contractions interferes with the swallowing of food down to the esophagus.

Turmeric is a perennial plant in the genus Curcuma, belonging to the family Zingiberaceae, native to tropical South Asia.

The herb has been used in traditional medicine as anti-oxidant, hypoglycemic, colorant, antiseptic, wound healing agent, and to treat flatulence, bloating, and appetite loss, ulcers, eczema, inflammations, etc.

On finding a potential compound for the treatment of esophageal cancer, researchers examined the anti-cancer effect of Theracurmin® (THC) which is highly bioavailable curcumin dispersed with colloidal submicron particles.


According to the tested analysis, * THC showed strong cytotoxicity in ESCC cells and suppressed the growth of xenografted tumors compared to those of curcumin.

* Furthermore, THC increased ROS levels and activated the NRF2-NMRAL2P-NQO1 expressions associated with oxidative stress.

* Moreover, THC also Inhibited by NQO1 in ESCC cells.

Where increased levels of NQO1 has been found in patients with breast cancer.

Based on the findings, researchers said, "These findings suggest the potential usefulness of THC and its combination with NQO1 inhibitor as a therapeutic option for ESCC".

Additionally, in the analysis of the natural polyphenol curcumin effects on esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), researchers found that polyphenols curcumin inhibited the gene expression associated with tumor growth or proliferation on such as STAT3 through growth arrest and apoptosis in culture.

More precisely, curcumin preferentially blocked the growth of primary ESCC-derived xenografts that activated the expression of STAT3.

Dr. Liu Y, after taking other factors into account wrote, "Curcumin is able to exert anti-tumor action through inhibiting the STAT3 signaling pathway. Giving its wide use in traditional medicines with low toxicity and few adverse reactions".

Taken altogether, turmeric processed abundantly bioactive compound curcumin may be considered supplements for the prevention and treatment of esophageal cancer, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of turmeric in the form of supplements should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Combination treatment with highly bioavailable curcumin and NQO1 inhibitor exhibits potent antitumor effects on esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by Mizumoto A1, Ohashi S1, Kamada M2, Saito T1, Nakai Y1, Baba K1, Hirohashi K1, Mitani Y1, Kikuchi O1,3, Matsubara J1, Yamada A1, Takahashi T4, Lee H4, Okuno Y2, Kanai M1, Muto M. (PubMed)
(2) The natural polyphenol curcumin induces apoptosis by suppressing STAT3 signaling in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by Liu Y1,2,3, Wang X4, Zeng S1,2, Zhang X1,2, Zhao J1,2, Zhang X1,2, Chen X1,2, Yang W1,2, Yang Y5, Dong Z1,2, Zhu J6, Xu X7,8, Tian F. (PubMed)