Phytochemical Beta-Sitosterol Inhibits the Stomach Cancer Risk and Progression in Vitro and Vivo

Cancer is a class of chronic diseases associated with irregular cell growth in the tissues of the affected organ.

The stomach located between the esophagus and the small intestine is a muscular, hollow and important organ of the digestive tract.

The stomach plays a critical role to assist the digestive system in digesting foods by secreting acid and enzymes.


Gastric/Stomach cancer is a medical condition characterized by abnormal growth of the mucus-producing cells of the inside lining of the stomach. Adenocarcinoma is the most common type of gastric/stomach cancer.

According to the statistics, most cases of gastric/stomach cancer are found in older people. The average age of people when they are diagnosed is 68. The risk of developing gastric/stomach cancer in a man lifetime is about 1 in 95.


Most patients with stomach cancer in the early stage are asymptomatic.


However, at the later stage, patients may experience symptoms of pain and/or discomfort in the stomach area, mild ache in the upper part of the body, difficulty swallowing, feeling full or bloated after a small mealy, and vomiting blood or having blood in the stool accompanied by general symptoms shared by other types of cancer, including unintentional weight loss, loss of energy, tiredness, nausea, and vomiting and loss of appetite.


The most common types of stomach cancer are
* Adenocarcinoma
If cancer arises from the glands in the mucosa.
** Superficial spreading
It is an early stage of cancer and tends to be less aggressive or ulcer.

**. Polyploid
Cancer grows in a pattern like a polyp and is less aggressive.

** Infiltrating
If cancer grows in infiltrating pattern into the stomach wall and more aggressive.

** Linitis plastica
Cancer grows diffusivity throughout the whole wall of the stomach

* Lymphomas
Cancer of the lymphocytes originated from the stomach and behave much like lymphomas of the other parts of the body but adenocarcinoma

* Sarcomas
Cancer originated from the connected tissue of the stomach behave much like sarcomas of the other parts of the body but adenocarcinoma

Beta-Sitosterol is a phytochemical in the class of Phytosterols, belongings to the group of Lipids, found abundantly in avocados, rice bran, wheat germ, corn oils, fennel, peanuts, soybeans, hawthorn, basil, buckwheat. etc.

On finding a potential phytochemical for the prevention and treatment of cancer, researchers examined the anti-cancer effects of beta-sitosterol (BS), a plant-derived sterol on AGS human gastric adenocarcinoma cells and xenograft mouse models.

According to the experimental analysis, BS showed a significantly reduced cell viability by inducing apoptosis in AGS adenocarcinoma cells observed by the accumulation of apoptotic bodies.

BS stimulated the tumor suppressor genes phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and phospho-AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK) against the progression of AGS adenocarcinoma cells proliferation.

Furthermore, BS decreased cancer cell growth by inhibiting the expression of Hsp90 protein.

Additionally, BS was also found to be effective through the regulation of cancer biomarkers. and suppressed tumor growth without inducing toxicity in the AGS xenograft mouse models-.

Based on the evidence, researchers said, "BS exerts anti-cancer effects in AGS cells and xenograft mouse models by mediating AMPK, PTEN, and Hsp90".

Taken altogether, beta-Sitosterol may be considered a supplement for the prevention and treatment of stomach cancer, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of beta-Sitosterol in the form of supplements should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.


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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Anti-tumour effects of beta-sitosterol are mediated by AMPK/PTEN/HSP90 axis in AGS human gastric adenocarcinoma cells and xenograft mouse models bShin EJ1, Choi HK2, Sung MJ2, Park JHy 2, Chung MY2, Chung S2, Hwang JT. (PubMed)