Herbal Ashwagandha Protects the Neurons Against Neurotoxicity

The central nervous system is a part of the nervous system of the brain and spinal cord with the function of integrates information it receives from for the entire nervous system, and control all the workings of the body.

Neurotoxicity is a form of toxicity that affects the structure or function of the central and/or peripheral nervous system, leading to damage to neurons and brain cells of the central nervous system.

In some cases, neurotoxicity can induce unpleasant symptoms of weakness in the limbs. altered sensation, tingling, and numbness in the limbs, headache, and loss of certain types of acute cognitive function.

However, in severe cases, neurotoxicity can cause vision loss, complete loss of memory and reduced cognitive function.

Some patients with neurotoxicity also experience uncontrollable obsessive and/or compulsive behavior and sexual dysfunction.

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is composed of a network of vessels that form a structural and chemical barrier to protect the neuron's integrity and viability between the brain and systemic circulation.

BBB permeability is the functions of neurons that involve the extracellular matrix, and non-neuronal cells including astrocytes, pericytes, and vascular endothelial cells,... to protect the brain from exposure peripheral organs that toxic to neurons.

BBB dysfunction has been found to be induced by neuronal dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration.

BBB permeability alternation can be caused by brain injury, ischemic stroke, multiple sclerosis (MS), Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and major depression, leading to significant neuronal dysfunction.

Ashwagandha also is known as Withania somnifera is a nightshade plant in the genus of Withania, belonging to the family Solanaceae, native to the dry parts of India, North Africa, Middle East, and the Mediterranean.

The herbal medicine has been considered as Indian ginseng and used in Ayurvedic medicine over 3000 years to treat tumors and tubercular glands, carbuncles, memory loss, and ulcers and considered as anti-stress, cognition-facilitating, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aging herbal medicine.

On finding a potent compound that processes the neuroprotective effect, researchers examined the effects of the blood-brain barrier permeability of withanamides in W.somnifera fruit extract in a mice model.

In vitro, withanamides, the primary active constituents in W.somnifera fruit extract exhibited neuroprotective effects against β-amyloid-induced cytotoxicity in neuronal cell culture.


According to the tested assays, the effect of withanamides was attributed to four major withanamides isolated from W.somnifera fruit extract found in the brain and blood of mice administered with W.somnifera extract.

In other words, certain chemical constituents can pass through the blood-brain barrier to protect the brain against neuron deteriorate that lead to neurons' dysfunction.


More precisely, W.somnifera fruit extract may be used as a preventive or therapeutic botanical drug for stress-induced neurological disorders.

Taken altogether, Ashwagandha may be considered a functional herb for neurological diseases including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, pending to the result of larger sample size and multicenter study

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
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Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Blood-brain barrier permeability of bioactive withanamides present in Withaniasomnifera fruit extract by Vareed SK1, Bauer AK, Nair KM, Liu Y, Jayaprakasam B, Nair MG. (PubMed)