The CurableSmoothie of Tomato, Blueberry and Green Tea for Prevention of the Progression to Kidney failure in Conorenal syndrome

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar, Master of Nutrients), all right reserved.

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Conorenal syndrome, also known as Mainzer-Saldino syndrome or Saldino-Mainzer disease is a medical condition of diseases involved kidney, skeletal system and eye.

In order to reduce the complications of kidney disease in Conorenal syndrome, one must try to prevent the develop of chronic kidney disease and progression to kidney failure.

1. Prevent the development of Chronic Kidney Disease

The smoothie for prevention and treatment of  Kidney disease in Conorenal syndrome 

Yield: 2 servings (about 8 ounces each)

1/2 cup olive

1 cup cooked sweet potato

1 cup organic grape juice

1. Place all ingredients in a blender and puree about 1 minute

2. Blend on high speed about 1 minute or until the mixture is thick and the ice is well crushed.

3. Serve immediately

The finding of a natural source for treatment of Kidney disease (induced Cardiovascular disease) in Cardiorenal syndrome has been running into many obstacles, many ingredients showed initially with promising result in animal studies have not produced same potentials in large sample size and mutli centers human trials.

Recent studies back by well known institutions proposed, Cooked Sweet Potato, Olive and Grape Juice may be the next generation of natural ingredients for prevention and treatment of Chronic Kidney disease (induced Cardiovascular disease) inConorenal syndrome.

Chronic Kidney Diseases(CKD) Conorenal syndrome  is a progressive loss of kidney function over period longer than 3 months through different stages, deepening to the GFR (Glomerular Filtration Rate). According to the Tri-Service General Hospital, Excessive oxidative stress increased oxidative nucleicacid damage and exagerated the development of complication of Chronic Kidney Diseases(1).

The Anti-Odxidant Therapy in Chronic Renal Insufficiency (ATIC) study suggested, combination of pravastatin, vitamin E, and homocysteine treatment in 18 months together with hypertension controlled  effectively attenuated expression of Chronic Kidney Diseases(CKD) through reduced oxidative stress against renal function(2).Vitamin E-coated membranes (VECMs) consist of a multilayer membrane with liposoluble vitamin E, used in dialysis significantly improved Hb levels and lower rHuEpo requirements in chronic HD patients(3).Dr. Rashid Khan M and colleagues insisted, vitamin E significantly reduced dyslipidemia and inhibited the development of CRD caused by atherogenic factors after six weeks. particular in hypolipidemic and nephroprotective activity against free radical-related diseases(4).

N-3 fatty acids found abundantly in olive may also contribute to the potential benefits of dietary fat

modification in CKD patients, according to the Karolinska Institutet(5).

Dr. Lee SM and Dr. An WS., professors at the Seoul National University Hospital, insisted, intake of Omega 3 fatty acid exhibited cardioprotective effects in chronic kidney disease, the main cause of death, through attenuated inflammation, dyslipidemia, malnutrition, atherosclerosis, and vascular calcification(6).

Dr. Friedman AN said, " Long-chain polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 PUFA), which are obtained primarily from dietary sources such as coldwater fish, have diverse and potent mediating effects on the immune, inflammatory, and metabolic pathways, signal transduction, and cell membrane physiology" and "In the meantime, the current American Heart Association n-3 PUFA intake guidelines can be applied to CKD patients"(7).

Resveratrol is a phytochemical in the class of Stilbenoids, found abundantly in grape and blueberry, may also benefit in attenuated complications and treatment of Chronic Kidney Diseases(CKD), through its inflammation and oxidative stress modulation (8).

According to the joint study led by the The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, resveratrol expressed renoprotective effects by activating NRF2 signaling against against oxidative or electrophilic stress(9). Furthermore by suppressing the pro inflammatory cytokines, consumption of white wine and olive oil, significantly reduced plasma markers of chronic inflammation in CKD patients.

The effectiveness of Cooked Sweet Potato, Olive and Grape Juice may serve as cornerstones of pharmaceutical target for further studies in production of a potential medication for reduced risk, complications and treatment of Chronic Kidney disease in Conorenal syndrome with little or no adverse effects.

People who are at high risk of Kidney disease in Conorenal syndrome should drink no more than 4 servings daily, depending to digestive toleration.
Life style and diet pattern change are necessary.


2. Prevent the Progression to Kidney failure in Conorenal syndrome

Yield: 2 servings (about 8 ounces each)

1/2 cup tomato

1 cup blueberry

1 cup green tea drink (Make from 4 grams of green tea, a slice of ginger and a cup of hot water lipped for 5 minutes, and let cool to room temperature)

1. Place all ingredients in a blender and puree about 1 minute

2. Blend on high speed about 1 minute or until the mixture is thick and the ice is well crushed.

3. Serve immediately

The finding of a natural source for treatment of Acute kidney failure in Conorenal syndrome has been running into many obstacles, many ingredients showed initially with promising result in animal studies have not produced same potentials in large sample size and mutli centers human trials.

Acute kidney failure is the rapid (less than 2 days) loss of your kidney function in removed waste and  balanced fluids and electrolytes in your body. According to the Vrije Universiteit Brussel and Academic Hospital of the Vrije Universiteit Brussel, the progression of acute kidney failure also altered antioxidant defense in mouse adriamycin model(10), due to increased oxidative stress(11).

Recent studies back by well known institutions proposed, Green tea, Tomato and Bluebberry may be the next generation of natural ingredients for prevention and treatment of Acute kidney failure in Conorenal syndrome.

Green tea has been a precious drink in traditional Chinese culture and used exceptional in socialization for more than 4000 thousand years. Due to its commercial values and health effects, green tea now has been cultivated all over the world in suitable climate. According to the study led by the Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is a major component of the polyphenolic fraction of green tea, ameliorated (Acute kidney failure) AKI in a cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) model of diabetic rats through antioxidative properties(12).

In a small piglet model of extracorporeal circulation, the phytochemical also exhibited reno protective effects through its antioxidant, antiapoptotic and NO-scavenging properties(13).

Dr. Nasri H and professors led by the Isfahan University of Medical Sciences said," beneficial property of green tea, against renal toxicity of contrast media was observed. Green tea extract is an inexpensive, nontoxic, and effective treatment modality in individuals with a risk for acute kidney injury of contrast media"(14).

Resveratrol, a phytochemical in the class of Stilbenoids, found abundantly grape and blueberry also
exhibited anti acute kidney diseases by prevented endotoxin-induced disruption of endothelial cell permeability and inhibited inflammation of kidney tissue(15).

According to the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, resveratrol reduced the mortality rate of patients who develop acute kidney injury during sepsis through improvement in capillary perfusion and increased renal blood flow and the glomerular filtration rate without raising systemic pressure(16).

Dr. Kim DH and colleagues at the Chonbuk National University said, " Resveratrol expressed modulation of p53 (antigen), by SIRT1 (in several separated cellular functions), could be a possible target to attenuate cisplatin-induced kidney injury"(17).

Lycopene found abundantly in tomato, a derivative of carotenoids also expressed nephroprotective effect against cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury in rats, according to the Firat University(18).

The Federal University of Santa Maria study, proposed " lycopene could plays a beneficial role in acute renal failure against HgCl(2) toxicity by preventing lipid peroxidation and changes in the activity of delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase and antioxidant enzymes"(19).

Dr. Ateşşahin A and colleagues in the investigation of the possible protective role of antioxidant treatment with lycopene on cyclosporine A-induced nephrotoxicity using biochemical and histopatological approaches found that natural antioxidant lycopene might have protective effect against cyclosporine-induced nephrotoxicity and oxidative stress in rat(20).

The effectiveness of  Green tea, Tomato and Blueberry may serve as cornerstones of pharmaceutical target for further studies in production of a potential medication for reduced risk, complications and treatment of Acute kidney failure in Conorenal syndromewith little or no adverse effects.

People who are at high risk of Acute kidney failure in Conorenal syndrome due to genetic mutation should drink no more than 4 servings daily, depending to digestive toleration.

Life style and diet pattern change are necessary.

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References
(1) Oxidative stress and nucleic acid oxidation in patients with chronic kidney disease by Sung CC1, Hsu YC, Chen CC, Lin YF, Wu CC.(PubMed)
(2) Effect of a treatment strategy consisting of pravastatin, vitamin E, and homocysteine lowering on carotid intima-media thickness, endothelial function, and renal function in patients with mild to moderate chronic kidney disease: results from the Anti-Oxidant Therapy in Chronic Renal Insufficiency (ATIC) Study by Nanayakkara PW1, van Guldener C, ter Wee PM, Scheffer PG, van Ittersum FJ, Twisk JW, Teerlink T, van Dorp W, Stehouwer CD.(PubMed)
(3) Effect of vitamin E-coated dialysis membranes on anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease: an Italian multicenter study by Cruz DN1, De Cal M, Garzotto F, Brendolan A, Nalesso D, Corradi V, Ronco C.(PubMed)
(4) Tocotrienols have a nephroprotective action against lipid-induced chronic renal dysfunction in rats by Rashid Khan M1, Ahsan H, Siddiqui S, Siddiqui WA.(PubMed)
(5) Dietary fat modification in patients with chronic kidney disease: n-3 fatty acids and beyond by Huang X1, Lindholm B, Stenvinkel P, Carrero JJ.(PubMed)
(6) Cardioprotective effects of ω -3 PUFAs in chronic kidney disease. by Lee SM1, An WS.(PubMed)
(7) Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in advanced kidney disease by Friedman AN1.(PubMed)
(8) Resveratrol: why is it a promising therapy for chronic kidney disease patients?by Saldanha JF1, Leal Vde O2, Stenvinkel P3, Carraro-Eduardo JC4, Mafra D1.(PubMed)
(9) Effect of redox modulating NRF2 activators on chronic kidney disease.by Choi BH1, Kang KS2, Kwak MK3.(PubMed)

(10) Altered antioxidant defense in a mouse adriamycin model of glomerulosclerosis by Deman A1, Ceyssens B, Pauwels M, Zhang J, Houte KV, Verbeelen D, Van den Branden C.(PubMed)

(11) Increased oxidative stress in the mouse adriamycin model of glomerulosclerosis is accompanied by deposition of ferric iron and altered GGT activity in renal cortex by Ceyssens B1, Pauwels M, Meulemans B, Verbeelen D, Van den Branden C.(PubMed)

(12) Green Tea Polyphenol Prevents Diabetic Rats From Acute Kidney Injury After Cardiopulmonary Bypass by Funamoto M1, Masumoto H1, Takaori K2, Taki T1, Setozaki S1, Yamazaki K1, Minakata K1, Ikeda T3, Hyon SH4, Sakata R1.(PubMed)

(13) Reno-protective effects of epigallocatechingallate in a small piglet model of extracorporeal circulation by Twal M1, Kiefer P, Salameh A, Schnabel J, Ossmann S, von Salisch S, Krämer K, Sobiraj A, Kostelka M, Mohr FW, Dhein S.(PubMed)

(14) A biochemical study on ameliorative effect of green tea (Camellia sinensis) extract against contrast media induced acute kidney injury by Nasri H1, Ahmadi A2, Baradaran A3, Nasri P4, Hajian S4, Pour-Arian A4, Kohi G5, Rafieian-Kopaei M5.(PubMed)

(15) Resveratrol attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute kidney injury by suppressing inflammation driven by macrophages by Chen L1, Yang S, Zumbrun EE, Guan H, Nagarkatti PS, Nagarkatti M.(PubMed)

(16) Resveratrol improves renal microcirculation, protects the tubular epithelium, and prolongs survival in a mouse model of sepsis-induced acute kidney injury by Holthoff JH1, Wang Z, Seely KA, Gokden N, Mayeux PR.(PubMed)

(17) SIRT1 activation by resveratrol ameliorates cisplatin-induced renal injury through deacetylation of p53 by Kim DH1, Jung YJ, Lee JE, Lee AS, Kang KP, Lee S, Park SK, Han MK, Lee SY, Ramkumar KM, Sung MJ, Kim W.(PubMed)

(18) Effect of lycopene against cisplatin-induced acute renal injury in rats: organic anion and cation transporters evaluation by Erman F1, Tuzcu M, Orhan C, Sahin N, Sahin K.(PubMed)

(19) Effect of lycopene on nephrotoxicity induced by mercuric chloride in rats by Augusti PR1, Conterato GM, Somacal S, Einsfeld L, Ramos AT, Hosomi FY, Graça DL, Emanuelli T.(PubMed)

(20) Lycopene, a carotenoid, attenuates cyclosporine-induced renal dysfunction and oxidative stress in rats by Ateşşahin A1, Ceribaşi AO, Yilmaz S.(PubMed)